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Aloe i äldre litteratur |
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Fullständiga
utdrag ur Papyrus Ebers och Plinius naturhistoria sådana
de föreligger i engelska översättningar
(några svenska finns inte) avseende växten
aloe och dess användning.
Det framgår här med all önskvärd
tydlighet att det var den intorkade saften man använde
i Egypten och Rom, inte geléet.
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Papyrus
Ebers
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Ebers-papyrusens femton omnämnanden
av alo *fornegyptiska (?t'w3), av översättarna med ett reserverande
frågetecken tolkat som Aloe socotrina. Avskriften
nedan är exakt med konstiga tecken och allt; ordet aloe har endast fetstilsmarkerats och hieroglyfer
som översättarna lämnat otolkade har spärrats. Egyptiska
mått. Om Papyrus Ebers ca 1050 f. Kr: Örtkännare
f. Kr.
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XLVIII
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Another to cool a head which is ill:
Yellow ochre |, frankincense |, aloe |, w3nb
|, cinnamon |, stag's horn |, gum |, ntrjt |, dbn
of the mason |, d3rt |, water |, are ground and
applied to the head.
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LVII
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Another to expel blood [extravasation]
in the eyes: Inkpowder |, malachite ||||, stibium |,
aloe |, d3rt |, water |, are ground fine
and put in the eyes.
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LVII
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Another to expel a grain in the eye
(hordeolum?): stibium |, malachite |, d3rt |,
aloe |, sagapen |, are mixed with water and applied
to the eyelid.
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LIX
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Another to expel pterygium in the eye,
the first remedy after it has been perceived: honey
nt hprj or gw of honey, is applied thereto
for 4 days. The 2 nd remedy: malachite bj3j 4
ro, stibium 4 ro, aloe 4 ro, sj3 from
Upper Egypt 4 ro, are ground together and applied thereto
for 4 days.
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LIX
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Another: red ochre |, aloe |,
magnetite |, calamine (?) |, ostrich-egg |, sj3
from Upper Egypt |, powder of hnwt |, honey |,
are miwed together and applied to the eyes.
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LX
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Another to improve the sight: stibium
4 ro, aloe 8 ro, balm of Mecca 8 ro, ink-powder
1/2 ro, sjr from Upper Egypt 1/2 ro, myrrh 1/2
ro, are mixed together, and the eyes are anointed therewith.
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LXI
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What is used from the 3rd wintermonth
to the 4th wntermonth: stibium, sj3 from Upper
Egypt, ink-powder, calamine (?), aloe, equal
parts, are put into the eyes.
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LXI
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Another to expel catarrh in the head
by means of ointment: stibium |, aloe 4 ro, balm
of Mecca 2 ro, calamine (?) 2 ro, ink-powder 1/2 ro,
dry myrrh 1/2 ro, fruit of tntj 1/2 ro.
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LXII
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Another to expel white spots that have
arisen in the eyes: stibium |, aloe |, are ground
fine and put into the eyes.
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LXII
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Another to expel blear-eyedness, darkness,
dim sight and afflictions that have arisen in the eyes:
aloe |, malachite |, powder of d3rt |,
juice of acacia |, chip of ebony |, water of kbw
|, are mixed together, made into a dough, dried and
pounded with water; (it) is applied to the eyelids.
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LXIII
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Another to expel catarrh in the nose:
stibium |, aloe |, dry myrrh |, honey |, (it)
is anointed therewith for 4 days. Make (it) and thou
shalt see; behold, it is a true remedy.
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LXIII
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Another ointment, prepared by the high-preast
of Heliopolis Chui, the venerable: stibium |, malachite
, sj3 from Upper Egypt |, sj3 from Lower
Egypt |, red ochre |, aloe | lees of honey.
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LXIII
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Another to expel grain in the eye: stibium
|, balm of Mecca |, aloe |, the eye is anointed
therewith.
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LXIV
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Another remedy to expel grain in the
eye: balm of Mecca |, stibium |, aloe |, the
eyes are anointed therewith.
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LXXIX
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Remedy to relieve the members: cat's
fat |, aloe |, gallnut of ikrw |, are
mixed together and (it) is rubbed therewith.
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Plinius
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Plinius sex omnämnanden av läkemedlet
aloe (latin: aloe), vars moderväxt 1900-talets
översättare tolkar som Aloe vera. I
XXVII:14 talas om färsk saft, som lär ska
användas i provinsen Asien. Avskriften
är exakt med fetstilsmarkeringar av ordet aloe
tillagda. Romerska
mått. Om Plinius Naturhistoria ca år
70: Örtkännare
e. Kr.
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Bok 14:8
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The importance of the wine of Beziers
does not extend outside the Gallic provinces; and about
the rest of the wines grown in the Province of Narbonne
no positive statement can be made, inasmuch as the dealers
have set up a regular factory for the purpose and colour
them by means of smoke, and I regret to say also by
employing noxious herbs and drugs - inasmuch as a dealer
actually uses aloe for adultering the flavour
and the colour of his wines.
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Bok 20:51
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Of the other traditions about rue a remarkable one is
that, although it is agreed that rue is by nature hot,
yet a bunch of rue boiled in rose oil with one ounce of
aloes checks the perspiration of those who have
rubbed themselves with it, and that its use as food hinders
the generative powers. Accordingly it is prescribed for
spermatorrhoea and for frequent amorous dreams. |
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Bok 21:43
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It is a fact, however, that honey wine made with poisionous
honey is, after maturing, quite harmless, and that
there is nothing better than this honey, mixed with costum,
for improving the skin of women, or, mixed with aloes,
for the treatment of bruises. |
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Bok 26:38
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It is by relaxing the stomach that scamonium too brings
away bile and loosens the bowels, unless indeed to two
oboli of it are added two drachmae of aloes. |
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Bok 26:38
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The bastard kind [of scamonium] is detected by the taste,
for the genuine burns the tongue. It is to be used when
two years old, being of no use either before or after.
It has been prescribed by itself in water or in hydromel
and salt, the dose being four oboli, but most effective
with aloes, though honey wine must be taken as
soon as purging begins. |
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Bok 27:3
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The aloe bears a recemblance to the squill, but
it is larger, and has more fleshy leaves, and with slanting
streaks. Its stem is tender, red in the centre, and not
unlike anthericus; the root is single, as it were a stake
sunk into the ground. It has an oppressive smell, and
a bitter taste. The most valued kind is imported from
India, but it also grows in the province of Asia. This
kind is used only for wounds, the freshly gathered leaves,
or the juice, having a wonderful power of uniting. For
this reason it is planted in conical jars, as is the greater
aizoüm. Some, before the seed ripens, make an incision
in the stem to get the juice; some do so in the leaves
as well. Drops too form spontaneously on it, and adhere.
Some therefore recommend that the ground where the
aloe has been planted should be beaten down hard,
so as to prevent absorption. Some have reported that in
Judaea beyond Jerusalem can be found mineral aloes.
This however is the most inferior kind of all, and no
other is darker or more moist. So the best aloes
will be fatty and shiny, of a ruddy colour, friable, compact
like liver, and easily melted. The kind to be rejected
is dark and hard, gritty, and adultered with gum and acacia,
the adulteration being easily detected by the taste. The
nature of an aloe is bracing, astringent, and gently
warming. There are many uses for it, but the chief is
to relax the bowels, for it is almost the only laxative
that is also a stomach tonic, no ill effects whatever
resulting from its use. A drachma is taken in drink, but
for fluxes of the stomach a spoonful in two cyathi of
warm or cold water is taken twice or three times a day
at intervals, as circumstances require; but for purging
the bowels the maximum dose is three drachmae, which is
more effective if food is taken after the draught. With
a dry wine it prevents the hair from falling out, the
head being thoroughly rubbed in the contrary way to the
hair. It relieves headache if it is applied in vinegar
and rose oil to the temples and forehead, or a more dilute
solution may be poured over them. All eye troubles, it
is agreed, are cured by the aloe, but it is specific
for itch and scaliness of the eyelids; it is also good,
applied with honey, especially with Pontic honey, for
marks and bruises; for diseased tonsils or gums, for all
sores in the mouth, and for spitting of blood, the dose
is a drachma, taken in water if the spitting is not excessive,
and in vinegar if it is. Haemorrhage due to wounds also,
or to any other cause, it arrests if used by itself or
in vinegar. In other ways too it is very useful for wounds,
as it promotes cicitrization. It is also sprinkled on
ulcerated male genitals, condylomata and chaps of the
anus, sometimes in wine, in raisin wine, or else dry by
itself, accordning as the treatment may need mild measures
or coercive. It also gently arrests exsessive bleeding
from haemorrhoids. For dysentery it is injected, and for
indigestion it is taken in drink shortly after the evening
meal. For jaundice the dose is three oboli in water; for
internal purgings pills also are swallowed made up with
boiled honey or turpentine resin. It removes hangnails;
for eye preparations it is roasted in an earthen vessel
and occasionally stirred with a feather so that the roasting
may be even throughout. |
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• Litteratur:
Ebbell
(1937),
Plinius vol 4 (1968), Plinius vol 6 (1951), Plinius vol 7 (1966). |
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© Shenet 1997 - 2011 |
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